Monthly Archives: January 2022

Virus Transport Medium Composition

Virus Transport Medium Composition

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VTM Transport Medium

Transportation Medium Specifications

2.0ml, 3.0ml, 4.0ml, 5.0ml, 6.0ml.

Application

For transport storage of clinically collected samples.

Virus Transport Medium kits

Virus Transport Medium kits

Virus Transport Medium Composition

Hank’s balanced salt builds a neutral environment; bovine serum albumin as a protein stabilizer and Hank’s balanced salt increase the survival time and infection stability of the virus; antibiotics have broad-spectrum antibacterial effects; acid-base indicator, pH 6.6 in the discoloured area (yellow) to 8.0 (red), red at pH 7.2 to 7.4.

Storage condition: 4-25℃ Validity period: 12 months.

How to use VTM Kits?

1. According to the sampling requirements, use a sampling swab to collect samples.

2. Place the sampling swab after sample collection into a sterile sampling tube. 3. Break the swab at the breaking point of the sampling swab rod and discard the tail. 4. Tighten the cap of the sterile sampling tube.

5. Label the sterile sampling tube with information as required.

6. Specimens should be transported to the corresponding influenza surveillance network laboratory within 2 working days after collection, and the storage temperature should be 2-8°C; Save and ensure that the collected specimens are sent to the corresponding network laboratory within 1 week. Specimens should avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

how to use flocked swabs

how to use flocked swabs

7. For specific sampling methods, please refer to the following:

1) Throat swab specimen: Use a special sampling swab to wipe the posterior wall of the pharynx and the tonsils on both sides with moderate force, avoiding touching the tongue; quickly immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and it is easy to break at the sampling swab rod. The swab is broken at the cut-off point and the tail is discarded. (Applicable to this product sampling)

2) Nasal swab specimen: use a special sampling swab, gently insert the swab head into the nasal palate, stay for a while and then slowly turn it to exit; quickly immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and the swab head is easy to remove in the sampling swab rod. Break the swab at the cutoff point and discard the tail. (Applicable to this product sampling)

Oral Swab Covid Test

Oral Swab Covid Test

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With repeated epidemics, nucleic acid testing and throat swabs seem to have become part of our lives. We also all know where to go for nucleic acid testing, but what actually happens during a swab test? What are the tests for COVID-19? If you haven’t done nucleic acid testing, you may wish to read this article first. This article will popularize five things about Oral Swab testing.

On this page, you will learn:

What are the tests for COVID-19?

How to pass a swab test？

How to do an oral swab for COVID-19?

Where to get COVID-19 Specimen?

What is the most reliable test for COVID-19?

What are the tests for COVID-19?

Oral swabs and nasal swabs or saliva. In the experiments, oral flocked swabs were used to collect samples from the oral cavity for the oral examination.

This is different from a saliva test, which spits saliva into a small container.

COVID-19 Test, there are usually two main types of tests:

There are two main methods of nucleic acid detection: acid detection reagents and antibody detection. The first method is usually PCR detection through throat swabs, gene amplification, and then nucleic acid detection.

The antibody test is to choose blood, the method of blood draw to see the results, to observe whether the antibody titer increases.

Learn more about COVID-19 click here

How to do a mouth swab for COVID-19?

1. Rinse your mouth with water 30 minutes in advance (no toothpaste, especially breastfed babies need to drink a few mouthfuls of water, and no mouthwash);

2. Mark the envelope with a pen (eg: father, mother or child) and date of collection, name.

3. Hold the CellMedical flocked sampling cotton swab in one hand, put it into the left (right) inner buccal mucosa of the mouth and wipe it repeatedly for 15-20 times (rotate the genetic sampling cotton swab while wiping).

Take out the genetic sampling cotton swab, put it on the envelope or white paper, and dry it in the shade for more than ten minutes until the saliva is completely dry; (the specific location for wiping is the side of the cheek or the inside of the cheek and cheek – for example, the place where the adult pinches the child’s cheek, from the wipe in the mouth)

4. Collect the second cotton swab (the other side) in the same way, and extract three (six in total) genetic sampling cotton swabs from each side;

5. For gene sampling after drying in the shade, we should put the collection cotton swabs in a marked envelope and seal it (please do not use plastic bags or plastic wrap for the sampling cotton swabs)

6. Take the sample to the laboratory as soon as possible for PCR experiments, or you can choose to mail it to the laboratory or hospital.

How to Obtain an Oral Swab Specimen

If you have been in close contact with symptoms of COVID-19 (15 minutes or more in six minutes), you should get tested.

If you have recently been to someone in an area with a positive case, you should do a swab test;

You are a person who recently travelled or travelled for business, you should take the test;

If you and your family members have recently developed suspicious persons such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, and decreased sense of smell (taste) during the self-health monitoring process, you should go for a test;

If you have recently held or participated in large-scale, crowded dinners, parties, conferences, training and other large-scale gatherings of people, you should go to the test.

You can talk to your healthcare provider, your local urgent care, or your state or local health department about where to go to get tested (CDC, 2020A).

What is the most reliable test for COVID-19?

You may have seen the rumour circulating that oral swab tests are not as reliable as nasal swabs. But how is this measured?

Expert research has shown that nasal swabs are easier to detect nucleic acid positive, and the sampling time stays longer in the nasopharynx. Larger doses of samples can be obtained, which is the reason for the higher positive rate of nasopharyngeal swabs reported in the literature.

1. Polymerase chain reaction: fluorescence quantitative PCR, which is suitable for a large number of samples and has a low cost;

2. Second-generation gene sequencing: the NGS method, which is more accurate and can read out which generation of nucleotides and viruses the data came from.

For example, the complete data of the nucleotide sequence of the delta virus is available in the database. We compare the resulting virus to the full data, and if we do, it’s a delta virus. There will be subtle differences in the process of virus transmission, even the first and second generations are different, and subtle differences can be found through comparison. Therefore, it is possible to find out who and where the first-generation patient, patient No. 1, came from during the outbreak of this virus in this local community. It is better to use the NGS method to trace the source of the virus.

Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and both can very accurately reflect whether the nucleic acid test is positive or not, and both can achieve the purpose of detection. If we need traceability. We compare the collected viral nucleotides with viral databases in all databases to aid in diagnosis and guide treatment.

Still, the information on testing for the new coronavirus continues to evolve, to the point where you may feel like you need to become a medical professional or even know where to go first. If you’re wondering whether to get tested and how it works, we’re here to help. Here’s what you need to know about COVID-19 testing and other options.

learn more

 

The Mission of A Virus Test Swab

The Mission of A Virus Test Swab

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The Mission of A Virus Test Swab

From the sampling point to the testing room, then to the temporary storage point of medical waste.

Then to the hazardous waste centre, to the power plant, and finally to the soil.

A swab for nucleic acid detection completed the task and became a piece of pollution-free ash and fill it in the soil.

At present, we are in a critical period of anti-epidemic.

An ordinary hospital has a maximum of 11,220 samples per day at a single sampling point.

The Mission of A Virus Test Swab

The Mission of A Virus Test Swab

At nine o’clock in the morning, at the nucleic acid testing and sampling service point, citizens who were ready to test lined up.

Everyone wears a mask and consciously separates one meter from each other.

At the beginning of the inspection window, the heavily armed nurses washed their hands with an antiseptic solution.

And then removed a flocked swab about 15 cm long from the packaging bag to take a sample before taking the throat swab.

The nurse opened the collector’s mouth wide, and she skillfully inserted the flocked swab into her pharynx.

Then picked up a sampling tube (virus transport medium) with her left hand. And inserted the collection stick into the sampling tube with her right.

With a little force, the tip of the cotton swab breaks enters the sampling tube, seals it. And throws the long stick into the yellow medical waste bin.

As a testing point for ordinary citizens and inpatients, as an ordinary citizen and inpatients, the use of cotton swabs in an ordinary hospital reached 11,220.

Medical waste treatment forms closed-loop management in nucleic acid testing laboratories.

Take the flocked swab, put the swab head into the sampling tube, and paste a barcode similar to “ID card”. And carefully seal it, put it into a transparent sealed box.

And then send it to the transfer cabin of the PCR laboratory of the Department of Infectious Diseases by staff wearing protective clothing.

The PCR laboratory is under negative pressure, and after the virus enters, it cannot come out. After the outbreak, the PCR laboratory strictly abides by the medical waste treatment process, forming closed-loop management of the laboratory.

An hour later, staff in protective suits transported medical waste out of the ward in sealed yellow bags and sealed with “extremely infectious waste”.

Then, the workers send these medical wastes by trolleys to the medical waste temporary storage area at the nucleic acid collection point 100 meters away. For the medical wastes for nucleic acid testing, he transports an average of about 35 kilograms per day.

We need to place the virus sampling tube for 48 hours during the transfer process

Except for professionals, our PCR laboratory does not allow patients and the public to enter here.

To ensure safety, all medical waste from nucleic acid testing collection points, including swab sticks, is kept here for 48 hours.

After our test results come out and are confirmed to be correct, they will be sent to the hazardous waste treatment centre by a medical waste transfer vehicle.

At ten o’clock in the morning, the staff of the hazardous waste centre arrived at the scene. Unload the empty shipping box and load the ship with medical waste that has been sitting for 48 hours.

The sampling flocked swabs used must be incinerated at high temperatures above 1100°C.

There are two buildings, an incineration workshop and a cooking room, in the yard of the Hazardous Waste Center.

The staff in protective suits skillfully unload boxes of medical waste from the transfer vehicle and load boxes of hazardous waste into bucket elevators.

 

Why Choose Anal Swab Covid Tests

Why Choose Anal Swab Covid Tests

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Why Choose Anal Swab Covid Tests

A friendly netizen said,

“The anal test first asks you to take off your pants and lie on the bed,

The paramedic then stabs (anus) twice with an anal swab,

shallow once deep

In addition to the endless shyness in the whole process,

Nothing else feels like it! ”

A shy handsome man

A shy handsome man

 

Xiaolee will tell you why you need to do anal swabs.

Currently screening for COVID-19,

Mainly use an oropharyngeal swab and nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid detection,

Because of its convenience and speed, it is suitable for large-scale screening;

Nasopharyngeal Swab Sample

Nasopharyngeal Swab Sample

However, some asymptomatic or mildly infected people,

The disease recovered quickly after infection,

Nucleic acids in the respiratory tract and pharynx are undetectable within 3-5 days.  

longer duration of nucleic acid-positive stool or anal swab,

Therefore, adding anal swabs can improve the detection rate,

Effectively reduce the probability of false negatives,

Reduce missed diagnoses!

One of the anal swab sampling poses

One of the anal swab samplings poses

 

Friends who have done nucleic acid swab tests have experience,

In previous tests,

The most uncomfortable part should be the part of the nasopharyngeal swab,

To poke the nose is to poke deep into the soul.

According to the description of the anal swab recipient,

“The whole process was lying in bed and the medical staff helped.

Insert the tip of the sampling cotton swab into the anus and turn it a few times.

Twice in total, each for about 10 seconds.

Although a little surprised and a little embarrassed,

But understandable and bearable,

After all, this rule is for everyone’s sake. ”

Many Chinese friends who have returned to China for quarantine

I have also experienced the subtle taste of it.

 

 

What is Pooled Sample?

What is Pooled Sample Test?

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Pooled Sample Test?

With the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, doing a good job in viral nucleic acid detection is the top priority. However, detection of the virus is still limited due to resource constraints. Pooled sample testing offers a way to significantly improve testing power.

“mixed nucleic acid test”  or “Pooled Sample Test”, referred to as “mixed test”.

Which means that two or more samples are mixed and tested. method for positive samples.

     What is the difference between the “mixed collection” of community nucleic acid testing and the “single collection” of the hospital?

    Why do community streets adopt the mixed mining model?

    Under what circumstances should I test individually?

What is pooled COVID testing?

The so-called “mixed detection” of nucleic acid.

Takes throat swab samples from multiple people and puts them together for viral nucleic acid detection.

Pooled Sample Test VTM Kits

Pooled Sample Test VTM Kits

In fact, Medical use of Pooled Samples is common.

In blood collection systems such as apheresis stations.

We use pooled samples to detect the presence of infectious disease antigens and antibodies in pooled samples of multiple people.

There are two modes of “mixed detection”. One is to sample several people, such as 3 or 5 people and put them into the same sampling tube.

The other is to mix samples of the same volume from 3 or 5 people during laboratory testing, also known as “sample mixing”.

From a scientific point of view, the first “mixed sampling” mode will not affect the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. While the latter mode of mixed detection of samples has a certain impact on the sensitivity of the detection,  the degree of impact is controllable.

In order to detect high-risk groups, such as symptomatic patients and close contacts in fever clinics, we still recommend separate sampling.

For screening of low-risk groups, pooled sample test is our first choice.

Is the mixed detection technology reliable?

Is the “five-in-one” and “ten-in-one” mixed mining detection technology reliable?

“The size of the single-collection tube and the mixed-collection tube are different, and the amount of the preservation solution is also different.

Based on the results of a large number of basic experimental research and practical operations in the previous period.

The increase in the volume of the mixed-collection preservation solution has no effect on the detection results of weakly positive specimens.”

In the case of an extremely low positive rate, the 10-in-1 mixed detection technology is very efficient.

The FDA is aware that there is a great interest in performing testing using pooled samples.

This approach increases the number of individuals who can be tested with the same amount of resources.

What are the benefits of mixed nucleic acid detection?

The hybrid detection of nucleic acid has greatly improved the nucleic acid detection capability, reduced the burden of personal testing costs, and did not affect the time for issuing the test report.

The testing time of a single test and mixed test laboratory is the same, but compared with a single test, the mixed test is more suitable for mass and group screening.

In the case of small-scale outbreaks, the use of mixed detection can improve efficiency, play the role of multiple screening, early diagnosis, reduce transmission, and save social costs.

Whether the population is suitable for mixed testing shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the provincial and municipal epidemic prevention and control headquarters,

The medical institutions carrying out the testing must follow the technical requirements and standards of the municipal health department.

Which groups recommend the single purchase and single inspection?

It is worth mentioning that single sampling and single inspection are recommended for specific populations.

The above notice specifically mentioned that COVID-19 nucleic acid 10 in 1 and 5 in one mixed detection technology is suitable for large-scale rapid screening of the low-risk populations, and is more suitable when the overall positive rate of population is low (0.1%).

However, for the detection of high-risk groups such as symptomatic patients, close contacts and people in key areas in fever clinics.

Recommended to adopt single sampling and single detection.

What should I pay attention to when doing pooled sample detection?

1. When going to the testing point for nucleic acid testing, wear a mask, and it is best to prepare one or two spare masks.

2. Two hours before the swab test, it is recommended not to eat to avoid vomiting during the test.

3. When waiting for the test, remember to keep a distance of more than one meter between the front and rear personnel to avoid close contact.

4. Whether it is doing swab testing or getting the report, it needs to be certified as one, so be sure to bring ID cards, receipts and other materials, so as to avoid incomplete materials at that time, which will affect the testing and reporting.

What to do before swab test

What to do before swab test

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What to do before the swab test？

Why implement full coverage of DNA swab testing?

What should be paid attention to in DNA testing?

The latest statistics on the COVID-19  released by Johns Hopkins University in the United States on the 9th show that the cumulative number of confirmed cases in the United States has exceeded 60 million.

Nucleic acid detection is an effective method for precise prevention and control.

After the COVID infects the human body, it will multiply in the respiratory system.

Using a nasopharyngeal swab to detect sputum can determine whether the human body is infected with the virus, and can quickly and accurately “find out” the virus.

The recent spread of the epidemic has brought new pressure to epidemic prevention and control around the world. There are even reports of a country’s leader being positive for the new crown. Mexican president tests positive for coronavirus. The President of Paraguay has tested positive for the new crown. Poland: President tests positive for coronavirus. Brazil’s president tests positive for coronavirus. etc.

On the basis of continuing to perform nucleic acid testing on key groups of people, close contacts, etc., to identify the infection chain as soon as possible, block the transmission route, control the spread of the epidemic, and implement large-scale full nucleic acid testing, we must achieve early detection, early reporting, Early isolation, early treatment, active search for potential new coronavirus infections, and targeted prevention and control measures are also adopted to protect the health of the masses, ensure the rational flow of the population, and maintain the stable development of social and economic life order. It is very important. significance.

What methods are available for COVID swab testing?

Nucleic acid detection generally adopts the nasopharyngeal swab detection method, including nasopharyngeal swab detection and oropharyngeal swab detection.

At present, most hospitals and institutions in our city use oropharyngeal swabs.

This method is the least painful and more convenient to collect samples.

Is it painful to take a throat swab?

A throat swab is a method of collecting a specimen from the throat area, it is painless, mild nausea or sore throat method, which can be relieved or disappear quickly after collection.

Are DNA tests dangerous to humans?

There is no harm to the human body, only when the throat swab is collected, a slight foreign body sensation will be felt when the cotton swab enters the throat.

What should I pay attention to before and after the inspection?

Before detection

Before the nucleic acid test, it is best not to eat for 2 hours, otherwise, it will cause vomiting.
Do not drink water, smoke, drink, or chew gum 30 minutes before sampling.

Before the examination, reduce the number of swallowing movements, and do not do throat-clearing movements, such as expectoration and spitting.

For example: before the nasopharyngeal swab collection, the subject should provide the collector with the relevant past medical history or related matters.

Such as history of nasal surgery, nasal septum, blood disease, throat disease, or taking anticoagulant drugs.

Be sure to wear a mask before going to the test, take out the mask before the test, and put it on immediately after the test. You can prepare a spare mask, which can be replaced at any time after pollution.

Checking

When collecting oropharyngeal swabs, the subject should tilt his head back, relax as much as possible, take a deep breath, and open his mouth to make an “ah” sound, which will help reveal the throat, but symptoms such as irritating dry cough, nausea and vomiting may occur during this process.

Nasopharyngeal swab During the process of nasopharyngeal swab, symptoms such as swelling, itching, and sneezing may occur, which can be covered with a tissue or elbow.

After detection

Leave the collection site immediately after collection to avoid spitting and vomiting near the collection site.

You must pay attention to hand hygiene before and after the nucleic acid test.

You can wipe your hands with your hands, or you can use hand sanitiser, disposable alcohol, and disinfectant cotton pads.

 

Important reminder:

●Be careful to wear a mask, do not expose your nose and nose, do not take it off at will, or pull the mask to your chin.
●There should be an orderly queue, keep a distance of 1 meter, do not get together, do not gather.
●When waiting in line for a long time, pay attention to sun protection, sun protection, scientific hydration, and a reasonable diet.
● Try to avoid taking public transportation to the nucleic acid test sampling site.

The current situation of epidemic prevention and control is very complicated.
Every day, take care to protect your body.
Wear a mask and follow the epidemic prevention regulations.
Protect yourself and protect others at the same time.
New coronavirus pneumonia cases.
Please accept the general guidelines for prevention and control.
Daily Travel Prevention Control Guidelines.
Take the bus, take the subway.
To minimise contact, payment can be made using a transport card or a mobile app.
Avoid touching public facilities such as seats, armrests, car doors, and armrests with your hands as little as possible. If you do, do not touch your mouth, eyes, and nose directly with your hands, and disinfect your hands in time to avoid contact infection.

Hospitals and other places, after returning home, you should disinfect your outerwear.

How to do Nasal Swabbing for COVID

How to do Nasal Swabbing for COVID

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How to do Nasal Swabbing for COVID

Swab Instructions

Learn about swab testing for COVID-19 and other similar diseases. Thank you for taking the time and paying attention to the instructions below.

1. Open the nasal swab

Flocked Swab

Flocked Swab

Remove the nasal swab from the wrapper by pulling the two ends of the wrapper apart (like you would open a band-aid).
Be careful to only touch the handle, not the tip.

2. Swabbing nose

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Gently insert the entire soft tip of the swab into one nostril until you feel a bit of resistance and rub it in a circle around your nostril 4 times.
Next, gently insert the same swab into the other nostril and rub it around the same way.

3. Put swab in the tube

NASAL SWAB SAMPLING PROCESS

NASAL SWAB SAMPLING PROCESS

Lower the swab, tip first, into the provided tube.
Once the tip is at the bottom, break the swab handle at the top of the tube by bending back and forth.
Screw the red cap on tightly.

Cellmedical-SwabNasalCollectionInstructions

How to Swab For Covid Test

How to Swab For Covid Test

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How to Swab For Covid Test

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, we must have experienced nucleic acid testing. Covid swab test Nucleic acid detection plays a very important role in the process of infection diagnosis of COVID-19. It can not only find asymptomatic patients in the incubation period as much as possible but also greatly reduce the risk of infection.

Nucleic acid detection is so important. Next, Dr Li will take you to have an in-depth understanding of the relevant principles of nucleic acid detection, the difference between mixed collection and single collection of nucleic acid detection, and the matters needing attention in nucleic acid detection, to help you better protect yourself while popularizing knowledge.

To understand nucleic acid detection, we must understand the detection principle. Let’s take a look at its detection principle first.

The doctor is testing the patient's nasopharynx swab

The doctor is testing the patient’s nasopharynx swab

What is the principle of nucleic acid detection?

Nucleic acid, the genetic factor of the virus, is a macromolecular chain composed of four nucleotides. Different molecules represent different nucleotides and form a long chain. Nucleic acid detection is through the detection of nucleic acid in the chain, and this segment of nucleic acid is COVID-19 specific, other viruses do not.

Pcr test nasal swab and an antigen test difference for covid 19

Pcr test nasal swab and an antigen test difference for covid 19

The substance detected by the nucleic acid is the nucleic acid of the virus. At present, the detection technology is mainly through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology to detect the nucleic acid of the virus. During the detection, the nucleic acid chain of COVID-19 was used as the detection target, and the target gene sequence was amplified by PCR Test, which was combined with a fluorescent labelled probe added in the test reagent to produce a fluorescence signal.

The three forms of nucleic acid detection have their advantages.

Nasal swab test

This test method is to insert the test swab vertically into the nostril. And gently rotate the swab, stay in the nasal cavity for about 15 seconds, to test.

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Compared with throat swabs, nasal swab testing is more accurate for inexperienced testing personnel. And the risk of exposure is lower. However, it is not suitable for some patients with nasal allergies, high blood pressure and people who take anticoagulation and antiplatelet for a long time.

Throat swab test

At present, the most widely used detection method is also a form that is often used by everyone. During the sampling process, the patient opened his mouth and made an “ah” sound, and the testing personnel used a sterilized cotton swab to gently and quickly wipe the pharyngeal lateral wall and posterior pharyngeal wall of the subject many times.

COVID-19 Testing:PCR swab test,antibody test, and antigen test difference

COVID-19 Testing: Throat swab test

Throat swab testing: Often used in the testing process because it is more convenient and fast to collect, and it is more acceptable to the public, but the risk of exposure is also greater.

Anal swab test

This test method is a method of inserting a test swab into the anus and taking a sample at the fold of the anus or taking a sample at 2 to 3 cm for a new coronavirus test.

Many patients reject anal swab testing, but anal swabs can improve the accuracy of testing for new coronavirus infections to a certain extent. Some patients indeed have negative throat swabs, but positive ones are detected by anal swabs. In some patients, the anal swab test was still positive after the other two tests turned negative.

Anal swab

Anal swab

Why do multiple nucleic acid tests need to be performed?

Multiple nucleic acid tests are necessary for epidemic prevention and control.
A negative nucleic acid test does not mean that the tested person is not at risk of infection. Any detection method has the possibility of errors, especially in high-risk areas. To ensure the accuracy of the inspection results and better prevent and control the spread of the epidemic, multiple rounds of inspections must be carried out. There are also the following reasons for taking multiple rounds of detection:

After virus infection, the human body has a certain value-added period. When testing, if the virus in the body does not reach a certain concentration, we may not detect the virus.

When the specimen was collected, due to the different sampling methods, no virus cells were collected. False-negative specimens can also lead to inaccurate collection results.

Errors in the transportation process and storage of samples for inspection will also affect the results of nucleic acid testing.

Therefore, for risk areas and special populations, multiple rounds of nucleic acid testing must be carried out to more accurately and effectively detect the virus source, so as to better and more accurately prevent and control and identify infected people, and cut off the source of the virus. No matter what kind of inspection process, attention must be paid.

Covid-Nucleic-Acid-Test

Covid Nucleic Acid Test Nasopharyngeal Swab Test

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This article
To talk to you in detail
Covid nucleic acid test!

But in the face of the “nucleic acid swab test”
This unfamiliar and familiar word
Do you have many questions?

Image source network

Do you want to do a nucleic acid test when you go back?

Will it be difficult to make an appointment for nucleic acid testing?

How long does it take to get the results of a nucleic acid test at the hospital?

Should I Swab My Throat or Nose for Rapid COVID-19 Tests?

To answer your questions.
Today.
I’m going to tell you.
Those things about nucleic acid testing.

01. What is nucleic acid detection?

At present, nucleic acid detection is the main method for laboratory diagnosis to determine whether a patient is infected with the new coronavirus. It can achieve early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment. Real-time fluorescent PCR can be used to detect throat swabs, sputum or blood samples. to covid nucleic acid, or detected by viral next-generation gene sequencing.

simply put

Nucleic acid testing is done by

After collecting human secretions

Tested by the instrument

to see if we have the new coronavirus in our body

If so, the test result is positive

On the contrary, if it doesn’t, it’s negative.

02. How to test the COVID swab?

“Sir, oropharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, and anal swab, which one to choose?”

How do you do a nasopharyngeal swab?

Nasopharyngeal swabs must be performed with the patient sitting upright with the head in an upright position, as this allows for easy visualization and access to the nasal floor perpendicular to the central axis of the patient’s face.

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Flocked Tip Swab Nylon Sterile Nasal Swab Stick

Insert the swab into the patient’s nose and align it parallel to the nose and the base of the septum. As long as there is no obstruction in the nasal cavity, the swab continues to move in this direction until it reaches the nasopharynx, at which point the tester feels resistance.

Once the swab reaches the nasopharynx, a gentle rotation and two complete 360-degree rotations are recommended to allow secretions from this area to be absorbed.

Once the swab is removed from the patient’s nose, it is immediately inserted into a viral sample containing a viral transport medium. The handle of the swab extending through the opening of the vial was broken off to allow the tube to be closed.

So
Now that there are oropharyngeal swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs
Why add anal swabs?
To answer your questions
Let’s take a look at their respective advantages and disadvantages

The specific operation of the anal swab is as follows:

Soak a flocked swab in saline, insert it 2-3 cm into the anus, wipe from the folds around the anus, or rotate it gently inside the anus, and insert it into a test tube containing saline.

anal swabs

For fecal swab cultures, all of the above requires the use of sterile equipment and placing the swab in a sterile tube.

So
Now that there are oropharyngeal swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs
Why add anal swabs?
To answer your questions.
Let’s take a look at their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Oropharyngeal swab: relatively simple to operate, less irritating, suitable for large-scale screening. Therefore, the nucleic acid test of oropharyngeal swabs is mainly used in the screening of new coronary pneumonia for the epidemic-related population, which is used in the routine nucleic acid test clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of NTU.

Nasopharyngeal swab: The technical requirements are high, the human body does not feel comfortable, and the accuracy rate is higher than that of the oropharyngeal swab. However, for some asymptomatic or mildly infected people, the condition recovers quickly after infection, and the pharyngeal nucleic acid may not be detected in 3 to 5 days.

Anal swab: high accuracy, reduce missed diagnosis. The study found that the duration of nucleic acid-positive feces or anal swabs of some infected persons is longer than that of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, anal swab tests will be carried out for key groups such as isolation points or some imported overseas.

In conclusion.
The three swabs have different lengths.
If you have to test an anal swab.
Don’t be shy.
Whatever the swab,
It is a good swab that can accurately identify the virus.

 
DNA Specimen Nylon Fiber Flock Dacron Sample Collection Flocked Swab

DNA Specimen Nylon Fiber Flock Dacron Sample Collection Flocked Swab

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During the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia, while everyone is doing personal protection, they are also very concerned about the epidemic situation.

Originally, the social season in winter and spring was a period of the high incidence of common colds and flu, and the most important means to control the epidemic was to screen out the real patients with new coronary pneumonia from many respiratory patients.

The following small series will introduce some common virus sampling detection methods for you.

Nasopharyngeal swab

Collect nasopharyngeal swab specimens within 3 days of the onset of the patient as much as possible.

Measure the distance from the tip of the nose to the earlobe with a swab and mark it with your finger, insert the swab into the nasal cavity in the direction perpendicular to the nose (face), and the swab should be at least half the length from the earlobe to the tip of the nose so that the swab stays in the nose for 15 ~30 s.

Gently rotate 3 to 5 times, quickly put the swab into a sample collection tube containing 2 ml of lysis buffer (the same as the lysis buffer in the nucleic acid extraction kit) or a cell preservation solution containing RNase inhibitors, and insert the swab.

Then break the sterile swab rod near the top, screw the cap tightly and seal it with parafilm.

Oropharyngeal swab

Collect throat swab specimens from patients within 3 days of onset as much as possible. It is advisable to use a sterile flocked swab for sampling, wiping the posterior pharyngeal wall with moderate force, avoiding touching the tongue; quickly put the sterile swab into the collection tube used for collecting nasopharyngeal swabs, and break it near the top Sterile swab rod, screw cap tightly and seal with parafilm.

Anal swab (feces)

For patients with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea in the early stage of the disease, an anal swab should collect a stool sample (soybean size) of 3-5g.

The specimens were collected in a screw-cap specimen collection tube containing 2 ml of normal saline (RNase inhibitor can be added if available) and sealed with parafilm.

How to collect nasopharyngeal swabs

There is absolutely no need for the sampler to stand directly opposite the patient. Regardless of whether the patient is sitting or lying, right-handed patients can stand on the right side of the patient, and left-handed patients can stand on the left side for sampling operations.

The advantage of standing on the side is that if the patient has a cough, sneeze, etc., it can be avoided in time.

After the nasopharyngeal swab is passed through the nostrils.

It is perpendicular to the coronal plane of the head or the face and penetrates deep from the inferior meatus to the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, and it is enough to feel the wall.

The nasopharyngeal swab enters the nasal cavity to a depth of approximately the distance from the tip of the nose to the earlobe (see figure).

The “American Society for Microbiology Clinical Microbiological Specimen Submission Guidelines. ” We ask to twist the nasopharyngeal swab on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, hold it for 10-15 seconds, and then take out. Children’s cooperation is poor.

We generally take out the Flocked swab in three to five seconds after fully twisting it 2-3 times.

Except for paying attention to the depth of the swab. We should also note that there is always the habit of having the patient lift their head completely, bend the swab, and take a sample. This is wrong.

In fact, the above approach is wrong. This operation will cause the swab head to stay in an incorrect position. And the final sample obtained is not a standard nasopharyngeal swab specimen.