What is genetic testing?

What is genetic testing?

Definition of gene

What we usually call genes is a collection of genes in human cells, called the genome.

Every cell in our body has a complete genome. Inherited from parents and passed on to children.

Genes make people different from animals, make families different from families, and brothers and sisters are similar but different.

These subtle differences often do not exceed 0.5% of genes.

But determine different appearance, personality, genetic characteristics, and our adaptation to the external environment.

Why genetic testing?

It must be noted that various human traits and diseases are the result of the joint action of genes and environment .

Genes only play a partial role in traits, and whether gene expression is also greatly affected by the internal and external environment.

Therefore, gene test reports can not be directly used as the basis for clinical treatment, and it is not advisable to judge the role of genes without individual environment.

On this premise, the gene test report still has a certain reference significance for understanding various characteristics of the human body.

Understand that they carry hereditary pathogenic genes

We can know whether we carry pathogenic genes through genetic testing. For example, people with a family history of genetic diseases, cancer and hypertension. According to the test results, adjust dietary health care and living habits to avoid the occurrence of diseases. If both pregnant couples carry the pathogenic gene of recessive disease at the same time. They can pay attention and conduct further investigation when preparing for delivery.

Select drugs correctly to avoid drug waste and adverse drug reactions

Due to genetic differences, individuals will respond differently to drugs. When taking the same kind of drugs, some people will feel very effective, while others will not only be ineffective, but also have toxic and side effects. When some people use certain drugs, they may also have drug allergy. Through gene testing, we can know everyone’s gene situation, which may play a guiding role in drug use to a certain extent. Again, the drug test report can not be directly used in clinic. The drug selection and use in the treatment of diseases need to follow the doctor’s advice.

Provide scientific health management

Many adverse environmental factors  and bad living habits  will make the human body more prone to diseases. People can understand the occurrence tendency of individuals in different diseases through genetic testing, and make corresponding life adjustment or intervention in order to reduce the risk and delay the occurrence of diseases.

What is the principle of gene testing?

To understand the principle of gene detection, we need to understand the following questions:

Reasons for gene testing

Each person’s human nucleus has 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA and ribosomal proteins. All chromosomes have 3.16 billion base pairs.

When the same base pair position changes (this situation is generally called single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP), which has a certain impact on human genetics and health, this SNP is the locus in the gene report. At present, there are nearly more than 100 million known or named SNPs.  Most of the differences between human DNA are SNP differences, which is about 0.5% of the total base pairs of human DNA. A large part of gene detection is based on SNP.

Samples for genetic testing

Normal human samples required for gene testing include saliva sampling and blood sampling. For different examination items, excreta sampling and cell slice sampling are also included.

Methods of gene testing

There are several ways to measure related base pair differences (SNPs): PCR, chip, exon, and genome-wide. The number of SNPs detected is dozens, hundreds of thousands, tens of thousands, and all SNPs.

Disposable DNA sampling flocked swab

1.Specially designed for micro DNA samples at the crime scene, especially for micro samples such as sweat, semen, blood, dandruff, oral cells, etc.

2. It can quickly absorb a small amount of samples and has high release aging rate.

3. The front end is sharp enough to extract cells from the victim or suspect’s fingernails.

4. The swab has a breakpoint, which is convenient for the automatic extraction workstation to extract samples.

5. The whole swab is packed in a transparent plastic tube to avoid biological pollution.

Who can do genetic testing?

① People with family disease history;

② People with bad living habits;

③ People exposed to chemical pollution, heavy metal pollution, nuclear pollution and toxic and harmful substances for a long time;

④ Friends who pay attention to health;

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